The Kell Factor: Past and Present

Stephen C. Hsu

Kell Factor is commonly used to quantify the loss of vertical resolution in a line-scan imaging system due to artifacts of sampling. The Kell factor is not a fundamental constant, as the term implies, however, since its meaning is open to interpretation and its value depends on the specific television system in question. This article explains the concept of Kell factor and its limitations by examining the sources of Kell factor variation, the theoretical and experimental attempts (dating from the 1930s) to determine its numerical value, interlaced scanning systems, and the applications of Kell factor to high-definition television (HDTV) and beyond.

Print ISSN
Published
1986-02
Content type
Original Research
DOI
10.5594/J07847